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- NATION, Page 36Catching Up on Child CareCongress takes an expensive step toward a national family policy
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- When Democratic Congresswoman Pat Schroeder arrived in
- Washington in 1973 with two young children, she thought it would
- be only a year or so until Congress passed a federal child-care
- plan. Sixteen years later, Schroeder's children are grown, and the
- U.S. still lags far behind most other industrialized nations in
- national family policy. House Democrats have taken a big -- and
- expensive -- step toward catching up by defeating White House
- efforts to weaken legislation to create a national child-care
- program.
-
- Once discrepancies in two slightly different plans approved by
- the House and a version passed earlier by the Senate have been
- ironed out, the program will land on George Bush's desk. The House
- version would expand Head Start programs for impoverished
- preschoolers, increase tax credits for poor families with three or
- more children and require states to set health and safety standards
- for child-care facilities. Though the President may grit his teeth,
- he may sign the act into law because it is attached to a
- budget-reconciliation package that contains a component very dear
- to his heart: a reduction in the capital-gains tax.
-
- One reason the President dislikes the Democratic approach is
- its cost: $22 billion over the next five years, including $8
- billion in direct grants to the states. Another is the conservative
- belief that the measure is an unwarranted government intrusion into
- family decision making. House minority whip Newt Gingrich denounced
- the bill for being "essentially against mothers staying at home."
-
- Such arguments did not sway Democratic lawmakers, who
- overwhelmingly voted down a pair of Administration-backed
- amendments. One, sponsored by Oklahoma Republican Mickey Edwards
- and favored by the White House, would have limited earned income
- tax credits for child care to a mere $200 to $300 a year; it was
- defeated by a vote of 285 to 140. The White House then tried to
- rally support for a compromise devised by Texas Democrat Charles
- Stenholm, which would have prohibited the Government from setting
- standards for child-care centers and personnel. It went down, 230
- to 195. The bill's supporters did agree to one conservative demand,
- deleting a ban on federal funds for church-run centers, which now
- provide about one-third of all child care.
-
- Democratic resolve was bolstered by the fact that the
- legislation will be immensely popular with working mothers, who
- spend an average of $3,000 a year per child for care that is often
- of uncertain quality. Poor women are especially hard pressed. A
- report by the Census Bureau estimates that mothers with annual
- incomes of less than $15,000 paid an average of 18% of their income
- for child care. Declared Texas Democratic Congressman Michael
- Andrews: "We have standards for prisons, roads and airports. We owe
- as much to our children."